Hindus were severely repressed during under autocratic dictatorial rule of Nizam nawabs in Hyderabad state. Hindu majority were denied fundamental rights by Nizams of Hyderabad state. Hindus were called as gaddaar (traitor) by Muslims in Nizam state of Hyderabad.[1] During Nizam's rule, every Muslim even a boy used to say that Hindus were "Gaddaar". Hindus were also been forced to convert into Islam by Nizam state. State sponsored razakars (volunteers) also used to kill Hindu men and rape Hindu women in villages of Hyderabad state. Razakars were given fire arms by state as given to police. Though majority of the people of Hyderabad
state were Hindus, Nizam nawabs made Persian and Urdu as official languages of Hyderabad state. They used to run Urdu medium schools and lessons were taught Persian and Urdu languages that are not spoken by Hindus. They tried to suppress Telugu, Marathi and Kannada languages that were spoken by local Hindu population.
Persian was the official language up to 1893 and then Urdu up to 1948 in Hyderabad state. Educated Hindus were been made to depend on Persian alphabets for writing texts of their own languages.Hindus were treated as secondary grade citizens of Hyderabad state and they were severely discriminated though vast majority of it's population was Hindu community. 1941 census had estimated its population to be 16.34 million, over 85% of who were Hindus and with Muslims accounting for about 12%. It was also a multi-lingual state consisting of peoples speaking.
Telugu (48.2%), Marathi (26.4%), Kannada (12.3%) and Urdu (10.3%). But the number of Hindus was very less in government jobs. 1765 officers, 1268 were Muslims, 421 were Hindus, and 121 others, presumably British, Christians, Parsis and Sikhs. Of the officials drawing a pay between Rs.600-1200 pm, 59 were Muslims, 38 were "others", and a mere 5 were Hindus. The Nizam and his nobles, who were mostly Muslims, owned 40% of the total land in the kingdom.[3]. Muslim jagirdars, patels and patwaris also used to commit atroicities on
Hindus. They used to press the breasts of mothers of infant babies and spill out the milk.
Surrounded, Isolated but well Governed
From a bankrupt state The seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, made it into the wealthiest state in the sub-continent. He was considered the world's richest man (Time cover story Feb. 22, 1937), and he was famous for patronage to learning and institutions. Some eccentricities included the use the 400 carat (80 g) Jacob Diamond as a paperweight.Mir Osman Ali Khan founded number of institutions the world over including the eponymous
Osmania General Hospital and Osmania University -- the first modern university to teach in an Indian language (Urdu and many others). Above all there was total harmony[citation needed]. There was never a riot[citation needed]. People lived in total peace and harmony in the upwardly mobile composite Hindu Muslim fraternal society[citation needed]. The law prevailed[citation needed]. No one including the ruler was above the law and the state and judiciary was separate.
Integration into Indian Union:
When India gained independence in 1947, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent, either as a sovereign ruler or by acquiring Dominion status within the British Empire. In order to keep essential trade and supplies flowing, he signed a Standstill Agreement with the Indian Union which surrounded him on all sides. The law and order situation soon deteriorated, with escalating violence between the private Razakar army fighting for continuation of the Nizam's rule and the people with the support of the Congress leaders like Swami Ramanand Tirtha and the communists of Telangana, were fighting for joining in the Indian Union. As the violence spiraled out of control with refugees flowing into the coastal Andhra region of the Madras state of India, the Indian Government under Home Minister Sardar Patel initiated a police action titled Operation Polo.
On September 16, 1948, Indian Army moved in to Hyderabad State from five fronts. Four days later, the Hyderabad forces surrendered. The number of dead was a little over 800. The Police Action achieved success within a matter of days.The Nizam finally surrendered and signed the Instrument of Accession to the Indian Union and Hyderabad was integrated into the Indian Union as a [[states and territories of India|state]
